Chapter+20&21+Notes

2. Dawes Plan
 * 1) Presidents- All three presidents were republican.
 * 2) Harding
 * Warren G. Harding served as president from 1921-1923
 * During his campaign he promised the U.S. to be returned to "normalcy" which encouraged industrialization.
 * During his trip to the west, Harding died and was succeeded by vice president Calvin Coolidge.
 * The Teapot Dome Scandal (a.k.a greedy congressman stealing money secretly) marred his reputation.
 * 1) John Calvin Coolidge
 * served as president from 1923-1929
 * "the business of America is business"
 * known as "silent cal"
 * 1) Hoover
 * served as president from 1929-1933
 * ran against the 1st Catholic candidate the Irish Al Smith
 * "Associationalism"
 * corporation, negotiation, public service
 * said the poverty will be eradicated soon -- 1929, Great Depression
 * 1) Economic Development
 * 2) Recession (1921), boom (1922-28), depression (1929)
 * 3) causes of business 'boom'
 * 4) time & motion studies + the government was lenient toward big businesses
 * 5) scientific management
 * 6) the assembly line (Henry Ford) & new types of energy (electric + oil)
 * 7) farmers problems
 * 8) While the industrial businesses thrived after the war, the farmers were failing simply because the supply of food had grown but the demand remained the same.
 * 9) New Culture
 * 10) Jazz
 * symbol of rebellion to your elders
 * highly protested by conservatives
 * largely popular due to the mass production of the phonograph and radio
 * African-American themed music
 * 1) Consumerism
 * 2) Auto:
 * 1 automobile in every family
 * 1913 = 1.3 mill. & 1928 = 26 mill. (Population with automobiles)
 * 1) Entertainment
 * Advancement of the radio, President accountable to public for thee 1st time, Advancement of Hollywood
 * NBS and CBS
 * Movies begin in 1927
 * 1) Heroes
 * Sports heroes, etc. underplayed war veterans
 * Athletes and stars are observed more that the President and politicians
 * 1) Gender Roles, Family, & Education
 * 2) Women - Jobs consisted of Teachers or Secretaries, "Flappers" (controversial women in style and behavior)
 * 3) Morals - Conservative time, Revolution and Promiscuity, Contraceptives (banned in some states)
 * 4) Education - Compulsory school, increased passing rate of graduates in High School
 * 5) Religion
 * 6) Modernism - Did not believe the BIBLE was the __Absolute Truth__
 * 7) Fundamentalism - Believed the __Absolute Truth__ was the BIBLE, Creation vs. Evolution
 * 8) Radio Revivalists - Billy Sunday (encouraging and condemning); Amy M. condemned Jazz & communism.
 * 9) Harlem Renaissance
 * 10) Poets & Musicians - Louis Armstong (Jazz - African American). Black culture.
 * 11) Marcus Garvey - Pro African American communities, Black separatism (wanted to be economically self sufficient), Go back to Africa (many did not agree), sent back to Jamaica.
 * 12) Conflicting Cultures
 * 13) Scopes Monkey Trial - Tennessee High School teacher teaches evolution (__illegal__); first to introduce separation of church and state.
 * 14) Prohibition - Speak Easies & Boot Leggers (hide flasks in boots), Moonshine (made at night). Negative = Gangsters profited a lot.
 * 15) Sacco & Vanzetti (1921) - Italian Immigrants with ties to Communist tendencies.
 * 16) Ku Klux Klan
 * 17) Foreign Policy
 * 18) Disarmament - Washington Conference (1921)
 * 5- Naval, with ratios of 5:3:1.67 (How many people in your country could be in the Navy.)
 * 4- US, FR, EG, JP. All unclaimed islands in the Pacific Japan now controls
 * 9- Countries agreed to still respect and maintain Open Door Policy
 * Plan was to fund the economy. The war debt had been placed on Germany, however they did not have the money to pay anyone back. So the cycle of :
 * //US banks → Germany→ Great Britain/France→ US Government → US banks.... // This worked until the Great Depression struck.
 * Lasting Legacy : The relations with Europe will be difficult